Immunization & Vaccines

The ASPE issue brief examines the research and development cost and duration associated with bringing novel vaccines to the U.S. market. The results indicate that bringing a novel vaccine to the U.S. market costs an estimated $886.8 million on average, and its development process lasts 10 years.

The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health (OASH), in partnership with Mathematica, are conducting a comprehensive study to identify promising practices aimed at reducing disparities in COVID-19 vaccination and testing, and policy options to promote equitable, routine vaccination.

These Fact Sheets highlight health care cost savings achieved under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) for each of the fifty states and the District of Columbia. Enrollee savings on Medicare Part D out-of-pocket costs, insulin, vaccines, and Marketplace premiums are presented.

Effective January 1, 2023, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) eliminated cost sharing and deductibles for adult vaccines recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) covered under Medicare Part D. In 2023, 10.3 million Medicare Part D enrollees received a recommended vaccine free of charge, which saved enrollees more than $400 million in out-of-pocket costs.

Expanding access to high-quality, affordable health care has been a priority of the Biden-Harris Administration.

Understanding Coverage Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccines and Treatments (Updated May 2023)

Effective January 1, 2023, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) eliminated enrollee cost-sharing for recommended vaccines covered under Medicare Part D. In 2021, 3.4 million people received vaccines under Part D, and annual out-of-pocket costs were $234 million.

This study updates ASPE’s previous analysis of the associations between COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths among Medicare beneficiaries and COVID-19 vaccination rates, with full year data through the end of 2021.

Using Medicare FFS claims data and county-level vaccination rates, we estimate savings of about $2.6 billion from reduced Medicare hospitalizations associated with COVID-19 vaccinations in early 2021.

We document a number of key facts related to trends in COVID-19 vaccination intentions of unvaccinated adults in the United States from April 2021 to January 2022 using the Household Pulse Survey. First, among unvaccinated adults both those who were willing to vaccinate and those who were previously unwilling to vaccinate eventually vaccinated in large numbers.